The following words and phrases when used in this article shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

“Company.” Any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, business trust, affiliate, unincorporated joint venture or other business entity, doing business within this Commonwealth.

“Department.” The Department of Revenue of the Commonwealth.

“Downstream company.” Includes a company that uses chemical products or chemical compounds manufactured or processed by a qualified taxpayer as a raw material in its production process in this Commonwealth.

“Ethane.” A colorless, odorless gaseous alkane, C2H6, which occurs as a constituent of natural gas and is used as the raw material in the manufacturing of ethylene.

“Ethylene.” An organic hydrocarbon compound with the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2, that is derived from natural gas and petroleum.

“Gallon.” A United States liquid gallon equal to a volume of 231 cubic inches and equal to 3.785411784 liters or 0.13368 cubic feet, where volumetric measurements made at ambient flowing conditions are typically adjusted for composition and to standard conditions using established industry standard practices.

“Pass-through entity.” Any of the following:

“Qualified tax liability.” The liability for taxes imposed under Articles III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI and XV.³ The term does not include tax withheld under section 316.1.⁴

“Qualified taxpayer.” A company that satisfies all of the following:

“Tax credit.” The resource manufacturing tax credit provided under this article.

“Upstream company.” Includes a company that is engaged in the exploration, development, production, processing, refining or transportation of natural gas, natural gas liquids or petroleum in this Commonwealth.