01A Motorists approaching a traffic signal must presume that the signal is intended to function. Except in the case of ramp metering, pedestrian hybrid beacons, emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons, or automatic toll collection signals, motorists must presume that equipment failure is the reason for signal controlling indications to not be illuminated.

01B Section 1117 of the New York State Vehicle and Traffic Law states that if an intersection governed by a traffic-control signal is out of service or otherwise malfunctioning, motorists must stop in the manner required for stop signs set forth in Section 1172 of the New York State Vehicle and Traffic Law and proceed according to the rules of right of way for vehicles.