The earned surplus account is the collective title for a group of accounts which form the connecting link between the income account and the balance sheet. The several accounts thereof (400 to 414) are designed to show the changes in earned surplus or deficit during each calendar year resulting from (a) the operations and other transactions during the period as reflected in the income accounts, (b) appropriations or other reservations of earned surplus for specific purposes, (c) accounting adjustments not properly attributable to the period, (d) miscellaneous gains and losses not accounted for elsewhere, and (e) appropriations for dividends.