(1) The tube housing shall be of diagnostic type.

(2) Diaphragms or cones shall be used for collimating the useful beam and shall provide the same degree of protection as the housing.

(3) For intra-oral film exposures a cone or spacer frame shall provide a target-to-skin distance of not less than 18 cm (7 inches) with apparatus operating above 50 kVp or 10 cm (4 inches) with apparatus operating at 50 kVp or below.

(4) The total filtration permanently in the useful beam shall be equivalent to at least 0.5 millimeters of aluminum for equipment operating below 50 kVp, equivalent to at least 1.5 millimeters of aluminum for equipment operating from 50 kVp through 70 kVp, and equivalent to at least 2.5 millimeters of aluminum for equipment operating above 70 kVp.

(5) A device shall be provided to terminate the exposure after a pre-set time or exposure.

(6) The exposure control switch shall be of the dead-man type. If a recycling timer is employed it shall not be possible to make a repeat exposure without release of the exposure switch to reset the timer.

(7) Each installation shall be provided with a protective barrier for the operator or shall be so arranged that the operator can stand at least 6 feet from the patient and well away from the useful beam.

(8) Mechanical support of the tube head and cone shall maintain the exposure position without drift or vibration.

(9) Panoramic installations. This part applies to those installations which consist of a tube head with a collimator providing a narrow useful beam and an extra oral film carrier which are interlocked in their motion about the patient.

(10) Cephalometric installations.

(11) The X-ray control panel shall include means for indicating X-ray tube voltage (kVp), tube current (mA), and exposure duration. The tube voltage and current shall be indicated by meters or by control settings. A milliammeter, a light or other device shall give clear and distinct visual or audible indication to the operator when X-rays are being produced.

(1) No individual occupationally exposed to radiation shall be permitted to hold patients or films during exposure, nor shall any individual be regularly used for this service.

(2) During each exposure, the operator shall stand at least 6 feet from the patient or behind a protective barrier.

(3) Only the patient shall be in the useful beam.

(4) Neither the tube housing nor the position indicating device (cone, cylinder) shall be hand-held during exposure.

(5) Fluoroscopy shall not be used in dental examinations.

(6) Each patient undergoing dental radiography shall be draped with a protective apron of not less than 0.25 millimeter lead-equivalent to cover the gonadal area.

(7) For intra-oral and cephalometric radiography the X-ray beam and the film shall be aligned very carefully with the area to be radiographed.

(8) Only persons required for the radiographic procedure shall be in the radiographic room during exposures.