(1) Heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles that are not part of a fleet or are employed exclusively for personal use.

(2) Heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles that are registered under the International Registration Plan as authorized by Article 4 (commencing with section 8050), Chapter 4, Division 3 of the California Vehicle Code and that have established a base state other than California (non-California based vehicles).

(3) Heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles that operate in California under the terms of Interstate Reciprocity Agreements as authorized by Article 3 (commencing with section 8000), Chapter 4, Division 3 of the California Vehicle Code and that belong to fleets that are not based in California.

(4) Heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles operating in California under the terms of any other apportioned registration, reciprocity, or bilateral prorate registration agreement between California and other jurisdictions and that belong to fleets that are not based in California.

(5) Heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles operating in California under short-term vehicle registrations or permits of 90 days or less (including but not limited to 90-day temporary registrations and 4-day permits under California Vehicle Code section 4004).

(6) Diesel vehicles 1998 model year and newer with gross vehicle weight ratings of greater than 6,000 pounds to 14,000 pounds that are registered within an area designated for biennial smog check program coverage. If the vehicle is registered in areas of California designated for smog check inspections only upon initial registration in this state or during change of ownership, however, then the requirements of this chapter shall apply on a biennial basis as determined by the last digit of the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). VIN's ending with an even digit would be subject to the PSIP in even calendar years (2010, 2012, 2014 ...) and VIN's ending with an odd number would be subject to the PSIP in odd calendar years (2011, 2013, 2015 ...).

(7) Heavy-duty vehicles equipped with engines less than four years of age. Any heavy-duty vehicle is exempt from this chapter until January 1 of the calendar year that is four years after the model year of the engine. All vehicles are to be treated as having been acquired by the owner on January 1 of the engine model year. For example, a 1995 model year engine will be exempt until January 1, 1999, and testing must first be done for a 1995 model year engine in 1999.

(8) Tactical military vehicles, as described in title 13, CCR, section 1905.