(a) A vegetative cover suitable for the proposed end use and capable of self-regeneration without continued dependence on irrigation, soil amendments or fertilizer shall be established on disturbed land unless an artificially maintained landscape is consistent with the approved reclamation plan. Vegetative cover or density, and species-richness shall be, where appropriate, sufficient to stabilize the surface against effects of long-term erosion and shall be similar to naturally occurring habitats in the surrounding area. The vegetative density, cover and species richness of naturally occurring habitats shall be documented in baseline studies carried out prior to the initiation of mining activities. However, for areas that will not be reclaimed to prior conditions, the use of data from reference areas in lieu of baseline site data is permissible.

(b) Test plots conducted simultaneously with mining shall be required to determine the most appropriate planting procedures to be followed to ensure successful implementation of the proposed revegetation plan. The lead agency may waive the requirement to conduct test plots when the success of the proposed revegetation plan can be documented from experience with similar species and conditions or by relying on competent professional advice based on experience with the species to be planted.

(c) Where surface mining activities result in compaction of the soil, ripping, disking, or other means shall be used in areas to be revegetated to eliminate compaction and to establish a suitable root zone in preparation for planting.

(d) Prior to closure, all access roads, haul roads, and other traffic routes to be reclaimed shall be stripped of any remaining roadbase materials, prepared in accordance with subsection 3705(g), covered with suitable growth media or topsoil, and revegetated. When it is not necessary to remove roadbase materials for revegetative purposes, lead agencies may set a different standard as specified in section 3700(b) of this Article.

(e) Soil analysis shall be required to determine the presence or absence of elements essential for plant growth and to determine those soluble elements that may be toxic to plants, if the soil has been chemically altered or if the growth media consists of other than the native topsoil. If soil analysis suggests that fertility levels or soil constituents are inadequate to successfully implement the revegetative program, fertilizer or other soil amendments may be incorporated into the soil. When native plant materials are used, preference shall be given to slow-release fertilizers, including mineral and organic materials that mimic natural sources, and shall be added in amounts similar to those found in reference soils under natural vegetation of the type being reclaimed.

(f) Temporary access for exploration or other short-term uses on arid lands shall not disrupt the soil surface except where necessary to gain safe access. Barriers shall be installed when necessary to gain safe access. Barriers shall be installed when necessary to prevent unauthorized vehicular traffic from interfering with the reclamation of temporary access routes.

(g) Native plant species shall be used for revegetation, except when introduced species are necessary to meet the end uses specified in the approved reclamation plan. Areas to be developed for industrial, commercial, or residential use shall be revegetated for the interim period, as necessary, to control erosion. In this circumstance, non-native plant species may be used if they are not noxious weeds and if they are species known not to displace native species in the area.

(h) Planting shall be conducted during the most favorable period of the year for plant establishment.

(i) Soil stabilizing practices shall be used where necessary to control erosion and for successful plant establishment. Irrigation may be used when necessary to establish vegetation.

(j) If irrigation is used, the operator must demonstrate that the vegetation has been self-sustaining without irrigation for a minimum of two years prior to release of the financial assurances by the lead agency, unless an artificially maintained landscape is consistent with the approved end use.

(k) Noxious weeds shall be managed: (1) when they threaten the success of the proposed revegetation; (2) to prevent spreading to nearby areas; and (3) to eliminate fire hazard.

(l) Protection measures, such as fencing of revegetated areas and/or the placement of cages over individual plants, shall be used in areas where grazing, trampling, herbivory, or other causes threaten the success of the proposed revegetation. Fencing shall be maintained until revegetation efforts are successfully completed and the lead agency authorizes removal.

(m) Success of revegetation shall be judged based upon the effectiveness of the vegetation for the approved end use, and by comparing the quantified measures of vegetative cover, density, and species-richness of the reclaimed mined-lands to similar parameters of naturally occurring vegetation in the area. Either baseline data or data from nearby reference areas may be used as the standard for comparison. Quantitative standards for success and the location(s) of the reference area(s) shall be set forth in the approved reclamation plan. Comparisons shall be made until performance standards are met provided that, during the last two years, there has been no human intervention, including, for example, irrigation, fertilization, or weeding. Standards for success shall be based on expected local recovery rates. Valid sampling techniques for measuring success shall be specified in the approved reclamation plan. Sample sizes must be sufficient to produce at least an 80 percent confidence level. There are standard statistical methods in commonly available literature for determining an 80 percent confidence level on a site-by-site basis. Examples of such literature include, but are not limited to, D. Mueller-Dombois and H. Ellenberg, 1974, “Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., or C. D. Bonham, 1988, “Measurements for Terrestrial Vegetation”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., and are available at many university libraries. The texts are also available at some local libraries through the Inter-Library Loan Program.